International Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biological Archive

Screening of polymerization effect with Alginate-HPMC-Guar gum on Polymer-Based Interpenetrating Networks in Sodium Alginate Raft System for Sustained Drug Delivery

Sanchita Mandal — 2025-05-15

Background: Various technologies have been developed recently, including creating controlled drug delivery systems to address several physiological challenges and gastric retention and emptying time. To combat this issue, new methods of medication delivery have been created. A recently developed technique called the raft-forming system can overcome several obstacles in the gastroretentive drug delivery system. Materials and Methods: This study was supervised to assess the effects of polymers like sodium alginate (SA), guar gum (GG), and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and their grades in the formation of the raft. It showed the feasibility of prolonging the residence time in the stomach and the release rate of metronidazole, which was used here as a model drug. Four different HPMC grades were used (HPMC K100 M, HPMC K40 M, HPMC K15 M, and HPMC K4 M) with SA and calcium carbonate acting as divalent cation salt. The formed rafts were characterized by physical appearance, pH, in vitro gelling capacity, in vitro buoyancy study, shear stress by viscosity measurement, the density of raft, in vitro floating ability, raft volume, raft thickness, raft resilience, % swelling index, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results: This formulation had no distinct difference in physical appearance, but HPMC 100 showed a deeper color than other formulations. pH ranged from 2 to 3, with HPMC 100 having the highest pH of 3. In situ, gelling capacity of HPMC 100 showed the lowest time of 5 s, and buoyancy capacity and resilience timing were the same for all more than 24 h and 4 h, respectively. Conclusion: The rest of the characterization of raft containing SA and HPMC 100 formulation takes the highest position. Based on the screening study, HPMC 100 demonstrated superior performance to other polymers and has been selected for further investigation.

Polymer Synergy in Action: Antimicrobial Properties of Chitosan-Alginate Complexes against Diverse Bacterial Strains

Sanchita Mandal — 2025-05-15

This study investigates the formation and antimicrobial properties of polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) made from chitosan with sodium alginate (CS-SA) and CS-carboxylated SA (CS-CMA). The research compares their effectiveness against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, exploring how polymer modifications affect antimicrobial activity.

Antimicrobial Activity of Green Tea: Honey Blend against Acne-Causing Microorganism

V. P. Lakshmipriya — 2025-05-15

Acne, a prevalent dermatological condition affecting millions globally, is predominantly attributed to the colonization and proliferation of specific microorganisms on the skin. This microbial overgrowth triggers inflammation, comedone formation, and ultimately leads to the manifestation of acne lesions. In recent years, increasing attention has been directed toward natural alternatives for acne management, particularly the use of green tea and honey, owing to their well-documented antimicrobial properties. In this study, acne-associated microorganisms were isolated and subjected to biochemical and physiological analyses for confirmation. The antimicrobial efficacy of a green tea–honey formulation was evaluated against selected acne-related pathogens, including Candida spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Pseudomonas spp., using zone of inhibition assays. The results demonstrated that the green tea–honey blend exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, with notable inhibition zones observed against all tested microorganisms. These findings indicate that the green tea–honey combination possesses substantial potential as a topical antimicrobial agent. Accordingly, a spot treatment formulation incorporating this blend was developed for prospective application in acne therapy.

Investigation the Effect of Wet Granulation and Hydrophilic Binder in Dissolution of Felodipine

Ashish Patidar — 2025-05-15

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of wet granulation and hydrophilic binder concentration on the dissolution behavior of felodipine, a poorly water-soluble antihypertensive drug. The objective was to enhance the dissolution rate through formulation optimization using hydrophilic binders such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K4M), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 at varying concentrations. Ten formulations (F1-F10) were developed using wet granulation and evaluated for flow properties, compressibility, drug content, and in vitro dissolution. A 32 full factorial design was employed to assess the effects of binder type and concentration on key responses, including percentage drug release at 60 and 120 min, tablet hardness, and Carr’s Index. The optimized formulation (F3), containing 7.5% HPMC K4M, exhibited excellent flowability, acceptable hardness, and superior drug release over 70% at 60 min and nearly 99% at 120 min. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed drug-excipient compatibility, and scanning electron microscopy studies revealed a transformation from crystalline to granular morphology. The optimized formulation also showed stability over 3 months under accelerated conditions with minimal changes in physicochemical parameters. Statistical modeling and analysis of variance confirmed the significant influence of both binder type and concentration on drug release and tablet properties. These findings support the use of hydrophilic binders in wet granulation to improve dissolution characteristics of felodipine.

Allergic Angina with QTc Prolongation and Wellens Type-A Syndrome Post-ceftriaxone Parallel to COVID-pneumonia-A New Causation and Treatment

*Corresponding Author: Yasser Mohammed Hassanain Elsayed, — 2025-05-15

Rationale: Antibiotics may cause serious adverse effects. Allergic acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or Kounis Zafras (KZ) syndrome is a newly described syndrome relevant to allergen exposure. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection may have lethal cardiovascular and respiratory complications. Wellens syndrome is particular for critical stenosis of the left anterior descending artery. However, there is a strong relationship between coronary artery disease and COVID-19 infection. Patient Concerns: A 28-year-old married homemaker Egyptian female patient was admitted to the intensive care unit with angina, QTc prolongation, and Wellens type-A syndrome after ceftriaxone injection post-COVID-pneumonia. Diagnosis: Allergic angina with QTc prolongation and Wellens type-A syndrome post-ceftriaxone Parallel to COVID-pneumonia. Interventions: Oxygenation, arterial blood gas, electrocardiography, and echocardiography. Outcomes: Gradual dramatic clinical, and electrocardiographic improvement had occurred. Lessons: Ceftriaxone-inducing allergic ACS or KZ syndrome with QTc prolongation and Wellens type-A syndrome post-COVID-pneumonia is a distinctive new adverse effect. The widespread non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation in aVR lead and T-wave inversion in anterolateral leads or Wellens syndrome type A may be interpreted as accompanied by multi-vessels disease. An associated COVID-19 infection may be an exacerbated factor for the ceftriaxone-inducing allergic ACS.